REFERENCES
1. Huang, N. Y.; Shen, J. Q.; Zhang, X. W.; Liao, P. Q.; Zhang, J. P.; Chen, X. M. Coupling ruthenium bipyridyl and cobalt imidazolate units in a metal–organic framework for an efficient photosynthetic overall reaction in diluted CO2. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2022, 144, 8676-82.
2. Guo, S.; Zeng, F. G.; Li, X. D.; et al. Earth-abundant Zn–dipyrrin chromophores for efficient CO2 photoreduction. Natl. Sci. Rev. 2024, 11, nwae130.
3. Wang, Y.; Yu, W.; Wang, C.; Chen, F.; Ma, T.; Huang, H. Defects in photoreduction reactions: fundamentals, classification, and catalytic energy conversion. eScience 2024, 4, 100228.
4. Rhimi, B.; Liu, Z.; Liu, Z.; Zhou, M.; Shi, W.; Jiang, Z. Emerging trends in metal organic framework based materials for enhanced photocatalytic CO2 reduction. Coord. Chem. Rev. 2025, 537, 216706.
5. Chen, O. I. F.; Liu, C. H.; Wang, K.; et al. Water-enhanced direct air capture of carbon dioxide in metal–organic frameworks. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2024, 146, 2835-44.
6. Wu, K.; Liu, X. Y.; Cheng, P. W.; et al. Linker engineering for reactive oxygen species generation efficiency in ultra-stable nickel-based metal–organic frameworks. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2023, 145, 18931-8.
7. Zhang, H.; Shi, Y.; Chen, T.; et al. Rational integration of amino functionalization and catalytic site modulation in Zr-MOFs for synergistic enhanced photocatalysis. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2026, 65, e23106.
8. Daliran, S.; Oveisi, A. R.; Kung, C. W.; et al. Defect-enabling zirconium-based metal–organic frameworks for energy and environmental remediation applications. Chem. Soc. Rev. 2024, 53, 6244-94.
9. Stanley, P. M.; Ramm, V.; Fischer, R. A.; Warnan, J. Analysis of metal–organic framework-based photosynthetic CO2 reduction. Nat. Synth. 2024, 3, 307-18.
10. Zhang, C.; Wu, Y.; Li, D.; Jiang, H. L. Recent advances in MOF composites for photocatalysis. Chem. Sci. 2025, 16, 13149-72.
11. Liu, X.; Ding, G.; Guo, X.; et al. Synergizing donor–acceptor Ni-MOF with lignin proton relay for efficient and selective CO2-to-CO photoreduction. Adv. Mater. 2026, 38, e20384.
12. Song, W.; Wu, Y.; Zhang, Y.; et al. Unveiling asymmetric dual-metal interfaces for solar-driven CO2-to-CH4 reduction coupled with C–H activation. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2026, 148, 4568-78.
13. Zhao, Q.; Yang, S.; Zhang, S.; et al. Single MOF based on asymmetric intramolecular electron compartments enables highly efficient photocatalytic CO2 overall reaction to methanol. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2026, 65, e20298.
14. Fernandes de Almeida, V.; Navalón, S.; Dhakshinamoorthy, A.; Garcia, H. Revisiting photocatalytic CO2 reduction to methanol: a perspective focusing on metal-organic frameworks. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2025, 64, e202424537.





