fig1

Figure 1. Immune checkpoints and their ligands inducing immune escape of HCC cells. Created with BioRender. H, T. (2025) https://BioRender.com/ko8kl51. PD-1: Programmed cell death protein 1; PD-L1: programmed cell death ligand 1; TIM-3: T-cell immunoglobulin and mucin domain containing 3; CTLA-4: cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein 4; LAG-3: lymphocyte-activation gene-3; TIGIT: T-cell immunoreceptor with immunoglobulin and ITIM domains; VISTA: V-domain Ig suppressor of T cell activation; BTLA: B and T lymphocyte attenuator; B7-H3: CD276.