fig2

Resistance to immune checkpoint inhibitors in hepatocellular carcinoma: mechanisms and combination strategies to overcome it

Figure 2. Immunosuppressive TME involved in ICI resistance. Created with BioRender. H, T. (2025) https://BioRender.com/1q198aq. MDSC: Myeloid-derived suppressor cells; NK: natural killer cells; Treg: regulatory T cells; DC: dendritic cells; M2: M2 macrophages; TAN: tumor-associated neutrophils; Th: helper T cells; HSC: hepatic stellate cells; LSEC: liver sinusoidal endothelial cells; CAF: cancer-associated fibroblasts; EMT: epithelial-mesenchymal transition.

Hepatoma Research
ISSN 2454-2520 (Online) 2394-5079 (Print)

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Portico

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