fig3

Figure 3. (A) Real-time FTIR spectra of 3DOM Co-SNS photocatalyzed CO₂ reduction; (B) Free energy diagrams of adsorbates during CO₂ reduction on Co₃S₄, Co(OH)₂, and Co₃O₄; and (C) Integrals of Δρ in the plane of the Z-direction along the Z-direction of Co₃S₄-HCOO^* and Co₃O₄-HCOO^*, with the blue and green regions representing the electron depletion and electron accumulation, respectively; the inset of (D) displays the visual charge distribution patterns across different Co-based catalysts. This figure is quoted with permission from Lyu et al.^[15]. FTIR: Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy.