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Figure 14. Multidimensional engineering of dynamic EDL-SCR coupling toward higher-performance iontrovoltaic energy conversion. Reprinted with permission from[94] Copyright © 2026, Springer Nature. (A) Solid-state band engineering via work-function modulation to regulate carrier energetics in semiconductor-liquid interfaces; (B) Enhancement of dynamic EDL-SCR coupling through redox-assisted ionic enrichment, strengthening interfacial electric fields and ionic-electronic interactions; (C) Electrolyte engineering for modulating EDL structure, ionic concentration, and transport kinetics; (D) Alkaline electrolyte-enabled ionic generation and enhanced photoactivated iontrovoltaic transduction via improved wettability and continuous interfacial redox processes; (E) Photothermal regulation of ionic mobility and transport kinetics within asymmetric EDLs under infrared irradiation. (F) Under optimized conditions, the RC-IVNG delivers an ISC of ~12.6 mA and a PR density of 541 W m-2.
