fig8

Figure 8. Representative strategies for enhancing energy conversion of S-L TENG through interfacial ionic regulation and engineering. (A) An interfacial polarization-enhanced liquid-droplet triboelectric nanogenerator based on dielectric-constant mismatch and Maxwell-Wagner polarization was developed by Chen et al. in 2025. Reprinted with permission from^[133] Copyright © 2025 WILEY‐VCH GmbH; (B) A three-phase interfacial force-regulated solid-like liquid-slider triboelectric nanogenerator for highly efficient and robust energy harvesting was developed by Gong et al. in 2026. Reprinted with permission from^[136] Copyright © 2025 WILEY‐VCH GmbH.