fig6

Figure 6. (A) Distinct reaction mechanisms of LiPF₆ in RCE systems; Figure 6A is reprinted with permission from Ref.^[190]. Copyright © 2023 American Chemical Society; (B) Sequential SEI formation steps during FSI^- breakdown; Figure 6B is reprinted with permission from Ref.^[198]. Copyright © 2025 Wiley; (C) Schematic of first-solvation-shell structures and CIP/SSIP ratios; Figure 6C is reprinted with permission from Ref.^[193]. Copyright © 2020 American Chemical Society; (D) TOF-SIMS depth profiles of interphase species; Figure 6D is reprinted with permission from Ref.^[33]. Copyright © 2023 Wiley; (E) Electrostatic potential evolution after LiNO₃ addition; (F) Schematic of NO₃^- regulating competitive coordination among Li⁺, anions, and solvents in TIWSE; Figure 6E and F are reprinted with permission from Ref.^[81]. Copyright © 2025 Wiley; (G) HOMO/LUMO levels and reduction potentials of four solvation structures in N-DHF electrolyte; Figure 6G is reprinted with permission from Ref.^[213]. Copyright © 2021 Wiley. LiPF₆: Lithium hexafluorophosphate; SEI: solid electrolyte interphase; FSI: fluorosulfonyl imide; EA: ethyl acetate; FEC: fluoroethylene carbonate; LUMO: lowest unoccupied molecular orbital; HOMO: highest occupied molecular orbital; RCE: reference carbonate electrolyte; CIP: contact ion pair; SSIP: solvent-separated ion pair; TOF-SIMS: time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry; TIWSE: temper-ature-inert weakly solvating electrolyte.