fig5

Figure 5. (A) Schematic illustration of charge carrier separation and transfer in a direct Z-scheme heterojunction. Reprinted from Ref.^[39] under the CC BY 4.0 license; (B) Schematic illustration of the Z-scheme charge transfer mechanism mediated by interfacial Mo-S chemical bonds; (C) Charge density difference demonstrating electron redistribution at the interface, indicating the role of Mo-S bonds as fast charge transfer channels. Figure 5B and C is reprinted from Ref.^[40] under the CC BY 4.0 license; (D-F) Charge transfer pathways and corresponding photocatalytic performance in representative Z-scheme heterojunction systems. Figure 5D-F is reprinted from Ref.^[41] under the CC BY 4.0 license; (G) Radar plot comparing catalytic activity (expressed as the logarithm of production rate per mass of catalyst) and selectivity among carbon-containing products. NHE: Normal hydrogen electrode; ZIS: ZnIn₂S₄; AA: ascorbic acid.