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Figure 3. UCMSC-NVs attenuate LPS-induced lung injury and reduce pulmonary vascular permeability. (A) Impact of UCMSC-NVs on H&E-stained sections of lung tissue (scale bar = 100 µm); (B) Histopathological assessment of lung injury; n = 6 per group; (C) Accumulation of Evans blue dye within lung sections; (D) Spectrophotometric quantification of Evans blue extracted from lung tissue; n = 8 per group; (E) Ratio of W/D lung weights across various groups; n = 5 per group; (F) Enumeration of total cells in BALF; (G) Measurement of protein levels in BALF; n = 8 per group; (H) ELISA-determined concentrations of inflammatory cytokines (IL-6, IL-1β, TNF-α, and IL-10) in lung tissue extracts; n = 5 per group. Data represent means ± SD. Statistical analysis was performed by one-way ANOVA. ^*P < 0.05, ^**P < 0.01, ^***P < 0.001, ns: not significant. UCMSC-NVs: Nanovesicles originating from human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells; LPS: lipopolysaccharide; H&E: hematoxylin and eosin; W/D: wet-to-dry; BALF: bronchoalveolar lavage fluid; ELISA: enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay; IL-6: interleukin-6; IL-1β: interleukin-1β; TNF-α: tumor necrosis factor-α; IL-10: interleukin-10; SD: standard deviation; ANOVA: analysis of variance.