fig4

From: 2D organic framework membranes: extending functions in natural ion channels to scalable nanofluidic applications

Figure 4. Classification of Characterization techniques for ion transport in nanofluidic channels. Schematic of (A) pH-sensitive HPTS assay, (B) SPQ assay. (A and B) Ref.^[98] Copyright © 2023 Wiley-VCH GmbH; (C) Schematic of an ion-conductance flow cell. (C) Ref.^[101] Copyright © 2012, American Chemical Society; (D) Schematic of basic components of the patch-clamp technique. HPTS: Pyranine; SPQ: 6-methoxy-N-(3-sulfopropyl)quinolinium.