fig5

Progress in atomic layer deposition of metal oxides for efficient and stable perovskite solar cells

Figure 5. (A) Illustration of regular structure PSC[175]. Copyright 2023, Wiley. (B) Azimuthal plots of solution[175]. Copyright 2023, Wiley. (C) Azimuthal plots of ALD/solution bilayer SnO2[175]. Copyright 2023, Wiley. (D) 3D atomic force microscopy (AFM) surface topography images of solution[177]. Copyright 2025, Wiley. (E) 3D AFM surface topography images of ALD/solution bilayer SnO2[177]. Copyright 2025, Wiley. (F) Cross-sectional TEM images of control Si/SnO2/Au film[179]. Copyright 2025, Wiley. (G) Cross-sectional TEM images of UV exposure after 15 min of Si/SnO2/Au film[179]. Copyright 2025, Wiley.

Microstructures
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