fig4

Figure 4. (A) Schematic illustration for the casting process of a key with a mold (A₁) and nanocasting using ordered mesoporous materials as the hard template (A₂). Figure 4A is quoted with permission from Deng et al.^[70]; (B) TEM images of mesoporous WO₃ synthesized using KIT-6 as the template (B₁, B₂); HRTEM image of the ring-like structure, with the inset showing the corresponding FFT pattern (B₃); uncoupled framework model (B₄). Figure 4B is quoted with permission from Rossinyol et al.^[79]; (C) Schematic illustration of the EIAA strategy. Figure 4C is quoted with permission from Jianget al.^[24]; (D) Schematic illustration of the one-pot direct synthesis of PB-b-PDMAEMA/H₃[PMo₁₂O₄₀] nanocomposite films. Figure 4D is quoted with permission from Lunkenbein et al.^[85]; (E) Schematic illustration of the citrate ligand-assisted EISA method for synthesizing crystalline mZnO. Figure 4E is quoted with permission from Zhou et al.^[25]; (F) Schematic illustration of the synthesis routes for mesoporous metal oxides via metal carbonate intermediates. Figure 4F is quoted with permission from Eckhardt et al.^[86]; (G) TEM images of multicomponent mesoporous metal oxides prepared with acetate chelation assistance. Figure 4G is quoted with permission from Fan et al.^[87]. THF: Tetrahydrofuran; TEM: transmission electron microscopy; HRTEM: high-resolution transmission electron microscopy; FFT: fast Fourier transform; EIAA: evaporation-induced aggregate assembly; PDMAEMA: poly(2-(dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate); H₃[PMo₁₂O₄₀]: phosphomolybdic acid; mZnO: mesoporous zinc oxide.