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Clinical outcomes, learning effectiveness, and patient-safety implications of AI-assisted HPB surgery for trainees: a systematic review and multiple meta-analyses

Figure 2. Risk of bias summary. Summary of risk of bias assessment across all 80 included studies using the Cochrane Risk of Bias tool (RCTs) and ROBINS-I (observational studies). Green indicates low risk, yellow moderate risk, and red high risk of bias.

Artificial Intelligence Surgery
ISSN 2771-0408 (Online)
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All published articles will be preserved here permanently:

https://www.portico.org/publishers/oae/