fig5

Figure 5. Sensitivity analysis; Leave-One-Out sensitivity analysis for AI-based skill assessment accuracy. Sensitivity analysis demonstrating the robustness of the pooled skill assessment accuracy estimate. Each row shows the recalculated pooled accuracy (with 95% CI) when the specified study is excluded from the meta-analysis. The original pooled estimate was 86% (95% CI: 84%-88%). Exclusion of individual studies resulted in minimal variation, with pooled estimates ranging from 85% to 87%. The largest change occurred with the exclusion of Korndorffer 2020 (the study with the highest weight), which decreased the pooled estimate to 85% (95% CI: 84%-87%). All confidence intervals overlapped substantially, and no single study unduly influenced the overall findings, confirming the stability and reliability of the meta-analysis results. AI = Artificial intelligence; CI = confidence interval.